The Champasak cultural landscape, including the Vat Phou Temple complex, is a very well-preserved planned landscape more than 1,000 years old. It was shaped to express the Hindu vision of the relationship between nature and humanity, using an axis from mountain top to river bank to lay out a geometric pattern of temples, shrines and waterworks extending for miles. Two planned cities on the banks of the Mekong River are also part of the site, as well as Phou Kao mountain. The whole site represents a development ranging from the 5th to 15th centuries, mainly associated with the Khmer Empire.